Stop BullFighting
Target:
Spain, Mexico and Portugal
Sponsored by:
Bullfighting, is considered the national Spanish sport. Fighting bulls, was common in ancient Thessaly - Greece and Rome. It was possible the Moors of Africa, who introduced bull fighting into Andalusia in Spain. It is thought that the first Spaniard to kill a bull in an arena was Don Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar, in about 1040. Spain, is full of bull-fighting arenas, some 225. They range from seating about 2, 000 spectators to 12,000.
The bulls aren't the only animals to be harmed in this, what some call 'sport'. About 6,000 horses are killed every year in Spain, which are usually blind folded at the time and end up disemboweled by the horns of a ragging bull, in attemp to, obviously stop the pain of being jabbed, the bulls charge the horses. Prior to this, the bull has been jabbed with an iron pin, with streamers, representing the colors of his breeder. This ofcourse would irritate any animal. So once the bulls are allowed into the 'ring', they attack the mounted horses.
As this is happening, the person, called the 'picador', riding the horse, tries to jab a lance into the oncoming bull's body, this 'instrument' is called a 'garrocha' and is thrust into the bull's back. Blood flying everywhere, horses being ripped to shreds, and a angry injured bull tries to defend itself. This to me does not seem to be an honorable activity to be deemed a 'sport'.
During the bull-fight, trumpets are sounded in intervals, dead horses are dragged away, and more pain is administered to the injured bull. These are like phases or stages of abuse. First the bull is jabbed with a 'garrocha', then 4 pairs of 18 inch barbed darts, called 'banderillas' are jabbed into the bull's neck, then finally, the bull is killed by a person called the 'espada'. This person dedicates the inevitable killing to the president or some other person or rank, with gestures that include, tossing his hat. The bull is then stabbed by the sword, delivered through the back of the neck close to the head and downward into the heart. Along with the sword, a dagger can be used to pierce te spinal marrow of the bull. Once the bull is dead, it is dragged out of the arena, and the killer, the 'espada' rides around proudly. Then the ritual repeats itself, with a new bull.
Other countries like France and Italy have introduced bull-fighting, but the cruelty of it, has
made it difficult to become as popular as it is in Spain. Some countries, as in Portugal, the bulls are never killed, but still suffer.
The bulls aren't the only animals to be harmed in this, what some call 'sport'. About 6,000 horses are killed every year in Spain, which are usually blind folded at the time and end up disemboweled by the horns of a ragging bull, in attemp to, obviously stop the pain of being jabbed, the bulls charge the horses. Prior to this, the bull has been jabbed with an iron pin, with streamers, representing the colors of his breeder. This ofcourse would irritate any animal. So once the bulls are allowed into the 'ring', they attack the mounted horses.
As this is happening, the person, called the 'picador', riding the horse, tries to jab a lance into the oncoming bull's body, this 'instrument' is called a 'garrocha' and is thrust into the bull's back. Blood flying everywhere, horses being ripped to shreds, and a angry injured bull tries to defend itself. This to me does not seem to be an honorable activity to be deemed a 'sport'.
During the bull-fight, trumpets are sounded in intervals, dead horses are dragged away, and more pain is administered to the injured bull. These are like phases or stages of abuse. First the bull is jabbed with a 'garrocha', then 4 pairs of 18 inch barbed darts, called 'banderillas' are jabbed into the bull's neck, then finally, the bull is killed by a person called the 'espada'. This person dedicates the inevitable killing to the president or some other person or rank, with gestures that include, tossing his hat. The bull is then stabbed by the sword, delivered through the back of the neck close to the head and downward into the heart. Along with the sword, a dagger can be used to pierce te spinal marrow of the bull. Once the bull is dead, it is dragged out of the arena, and the killer, the 'espada' rides around proudly. Then the ritual repeats itself, with a new bull.
Other countries like France and Italy have introduced bull-fighting, but the cruelty of it, has
made it difficult to become as popular as it is in Spain. Some countries, as in Portugal, the bulls are never killed, but still suffer.
Vist Our Blog
http://stopbullfighting.wordpress.com/
Visit our Orkut Community
http://www.orkut.com/Community.aspx?cmm=35372584
Bullfighting, is considered the national Spanish sport. Fighting bulls, was common in ancient Thessaly - Greece and Rome. It was possible the Moors of Africa, who introduced bull fighting into Andalusia in Spain. It is thought that the first Spaniard to kill a bull in an arena was Don Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar, in about 1040. Spain, is full of bull-fighting arenas, some 225. They range from seating about 2, 000 spectators to 12,000.
The bulls aren't the only animals to be harmed in this, what some call 'sport'. About 6,000 horses are killed every year in Spain, which are usually blind folded at the time and end up disemboweled by the horns of a ragging bull, in attemp to, obviously stop the pain of being jabbed, the bulls charge the horses. Prior to this, the bull has been jabbed with an iron pin, with streamers, representing the colors of his breeder. This ofcourse would irritate any animal. So once the bulls are allowed into the 'ring', they attack the mounted horses.
As this is happening, the person, called the 'picador', riding the horse, tries to jab a lance into the oncoming bull's body, this 'instrument' is called a 'garrocha' and is thrust into the bull's back. Blood flying everywhere, horses being ripped to shreds, and a angry injured bull tries to defend itself. This to me does not seem to be an honorable activity to be deemed a 'sport'.
During the bull-fight, trumpets are sounded in intervals, dead horses are dragged away, and more pain is administered to the injured bull. These are like phases or stages of abuse. First the bull is jabbed with a 'garrocha', then 4 pairs of 18 inch barbed darts, called 'banderillas' are jabbed into the bull's neck, then finally, the bull is killed by a person called the 'espada'. This person dedicates the inevitable killing to the president or some other person or rank, with gestures that include, tossing his hat. The bull is then stabbed by the sword, delivered through the back of the neck close to the head and downward into the heart. Along with the sword, a dagger can be used to pierce te spinal marrow of the bull. Once the bull is dead, it is dragged out of the arena, and the killer, the 'espada' rides around proudly. Then the ritual repeats itself, with a new bull.
Other countries like France and Italy have introduced bull-fighting, but the cruelty of it, has
made it difficult to become as popular as it is in Spain. Some countries, as in Portugal, the bulls are never killed, but still suffer.
The bulls aren't the only animals to be harmed in this, what some call 'sport'. About 6,000 horses are killed every year in Spain, which are usually blind folded at the time and end up disemboweled by the horns of a ragging bull, in attemp to, obviously stop the pain of being jabbed, the bulls charge the horses. Prior to this, the bull has been jabbed with an iron pin, with streamers, representing the colors of his breeder. This ofcourse would irritate any animal. So once the bulls are allowed into the 'ring', they attack the mounted horses.
As this is happening, the person, called the 'picador', riding the horse, tries to jab a lance into the oncoming bull's body, this 'instrument' is called a 'garrocha' and is thrust into the bull's back. Blood flying everywhere, horses being ripped to shreds, and a angry injured bull tries to defend itself. This to me does not seem to be an honorable activity to be deemed a 'sport'.
During the bull-fight, trumpets are sounded in intervals, dead horses are dragged away, and more pain is administered to the injured bull. These are like phases or stages of abuse. First the bull is jabbed with a 'garrocha', then 4 pairs of 18 inch barbed darts, called 'banderillas' are jabbed into the bull's neck, then finally, the bull is killed by a person called the 'espada'. This person dedicates the inevitable killing to the president or some other person or rank, with gestures that include, tossing his hat. The bull is then stabbed by the sword, delivered through the back of the neck close to the head and downward into the heart. Along with the sword, a dagger can be used to pierce te spinal marrow of the bull. Once the bull is dead, it is dragged out of the arena, and the killer, the 'espada' rides around proudly. Then the ritual repeats itself, with a new bull.
Other countries like France and Italy have introduced bull-fighting, but the cruelty of it, has
made it difficult to become as popular as it is in Spain. Some countries, as in Portugal, the bulls are never killed, but still suffer.
Vist Our Blog
http://stopbullfighting.wordpress.com/
Visit our Orkut Community
http://www.orkut.com/Community.aspx?cmm=35372584
We signed the "Stop BullFighting " petition!
# 821:
2:41 am PST, Nov 7,
Jaimi Flood, France
This is an awful, disgusting tradition that should have been stopped years ago.
This is an awful, disgusting tradition that should have been stopped years ago.
# 820:
6:34 pm PST, Nov 6,
Sarah Parker, Australia
The price for human entertainment should not be paid by animals who have no choice but to submit to this sadsistic form of domination.
The price for human entertainment should not be paid by animals who have no choice but to submit to this sadsistic form of domination.
# 819:
4:41 pm PST, Nov 6,
Dayna Clarke, Virginia
# 818:
5:14 pm PST, Nov 4,
Name not displayed, California
Bullfighting is animal crueltly! I have always felt very strongly about this issue, and appreciate your dedication to stopping this horrible so called "sport." Many people do not realize what is done to the bulls to make them try to defend themselves in the ring. I'm shocked and ashamed that I live in a society where although things like cockfighting are outlawed, bullfighting is still taking place as a tradition. People's conceptions need to change, and we need to stop this. I am encouraging everyone to sign this petition.
Bullfighting is animal crueltly! I have always felt very strongly about this issue, and appreciate your dedication to stopping this horrible so called "sport." Many people do not realize what is done to the bulls to make them try to defend themselves in the ring. I'm shocked and ashamed that I live in a society where although things like cockfighting are outlawed, bullfighting is still taking place as a tradition. People's conceptions need to change, and we need to stop this. I am encouraging everyone to sign this petition.
# 817:
1:09 pm PST, Nov 4,
S Noviss, United Kingdom
# 816:
1:57 pm PST, Nov 3,
Michael Ebner, Germany
# 815:
8:43 pm PST, Nov 2,
Leanna Jenkins, Florida
# 814:
11:12 am PST, Nov 1,
Matthias Ebner, Germany
# 813:
5:45 pm PDT, Oct 31,
Name not displayed, Australia
# 812:
1:19 am PDT, Oct 31,
James Henshaw, Australia
i am 12 years old and i first heard about bullfighting when i was 10 and i absolutely HATE IT! I WANT TO STOP IT NO MATTER WHAT!
i am 12 years old and i first heard about bullfighting when i was 10 and i absolutely HATE IT! I WANT TO STOP IT NO MATTER WHAT!
# 811:
2:55 am PDT, Oct 28,
Evangelia Manthoyianni, Greece
# 810:
7:37 am PDT, Oct 26,
Steve Wood, Florida
# 809:
2:43 pm PDT, Oct 25,
Pam Wilkinson, Michigan
# 808:
2:08 pm PDT, Oct 25,
Carole Wesley, United Kingdom
# 807:
10:07 am PDT, Oct 22,
Linda Werme, Sweden
Stop the madness!!!
Stop the madness!!!
# 806:
2:49 am PDT, Oct 22,
Paul Calleja, Malta
Such a disgusting tradition. It must be stopped!!
Such a disgusting tradition. It must be stopped!!
# 804:
11:20 am PDT, Oct 16,
Vreni Kaiser, Switzerland
# 803:
11:16 am PDT, Oct 16,
Monica Kaiser, Switzerland
# 802:
6:19 pm PDT, Oct 13,
Austin Roberts, Massachusetts
These people are just as bad as dog fighters and this needs to be stopped
These people are just as bad as dog fighters and this needs to be stopped
# 801:
8:50 am PDT, Oct 8,
Vildan Jahjefendic, Canada
I would like to eat hearts of every single matador...and I am a vegetarian. How these people be so cruel? Why is half of Spain still in darkness? Do they think that by reciting in the Catholic church that they beleive in Jesus - that that will save them? Barbarians #1.
I would like to eat hearts of every single matador...and I am a vegetarian. How these people be so cruel? Why is half of Spain still in darkness? Do they think that by reciting in the Catholic church that they beleive in Jesus - that that will save them? Barbarians #1.
# 800:
1:07 pm PDT, Oct 7,
Name not displayed, United Kingdom
I think bull fighting is for disturbing people,as they have to be to watch an animal suffer that much.
I think bull fighting is for disturbing people,as they have to be to watch an animal suffer that much.
# 799:
5:59 pm PDT, Oct 6,
Gabby Goulart, New Hampshire
Just like female mutilation, a horrid "tradition" like this can no longer be justified
Just like female mutilation, a horrid "tradition" like this can no longer be justified
# 797:
9:47 am PDT, Sep 16,
Name not displayed, United Kingdom
bull fighting is sick and evil
bull fighting is sick and evil
# 796:
9:17 pm PDT, Sep 9,
Val Peach, Greece
# 795:
3:44 pm PDT, Sep 8,
Name not displayed, Ohio
# 794:
6:25 pm PDT, Sep 7,
Scott James, United Kingdom
# 793:
7:29 pm PDT, Sep 6,
Adele Wright, South Africa
# 792:
3:19 pm PDT, Sep 6,
Elijah Levi, Spain
# 791:
9:10 pm PDT, Sep 5,
Name not displayed, California
I have never gone to Spain or Mexico because of this, and won't until they stop it. The bull is the hero in this disgusting bloodsport, the matadors are pathetic cowards, and anyone who watches this or pays to see it has blood on their own hands. It is cruelty and disrespect beyond belief. I hope people who think this is okay or fun, at some point in their lives experience similar degradation and horror so they can see how the bulls feel.
I have never gone to Spain or Mexico because of this, and won't until they stop it. The bull is the hero in this disgusting bloodsport, the matadors are pathetic cowards, and anyone who watches this or pays to see it has blood on their own hands. It is cruelty and disrespect beyond belief. I hope people who think this is okay or fun, at some point in their lives experience similar degradation and horror so they can see how the bulls feel.
# 790:
4:20 am PDT, Sep 1,
Barbara Mikeš, Slovenia
I think people should respect animal lives
I think people should respect animal lives
# 789:
3:47 pm PDT, Aug 31,
Vicky Tree, United Kingdom
We are in the 21st century! We should move on from this SICK old fashioned "tradition" and STOP bullfighting in all countries!!
We are in the 21st century! We should move on from this SICK old fashioned "tradition" and STOP bullfighting in all countries!!
# 788:
2:26 pm PDT, Aug 31,
Nikita Shepherdson, United Kingdom
I cried and cried i am a child and i really wish i was the queen of every country so i could stop this but wishing isnt enough or should u see what it is like and endure the pain which is inflicted on the animal. I wish every bull fighter would drop dead and i am a very holy person so i dont wish anyone dead but they will rot in hell you idiots you make me sick and very upset please stop this i dont know what to do im only a kid please help please for the sake of humanity please .
I cried and cried i am a child and i really wish i was the queen of every country so i could stop this but wishing isnt enough or should u see what it is like and endure the pain which is inflicted on the animal. I wish every bull fighter would drop dead and i am a very holy person so i dont wish anyone dead but they will rot in hell you idiots you make me sick and very upset please stop this i dont know what to do im only a kid please help please for the sake of humanity please .
# 787:
11:14 am PDT, Aug 31,
Jan Mikeš, Slovenia
Murder is not a sport!!!
Murder is not a sport!!!
# 786:
6:51 am PDT, Aug 31,
Alice Morris, Australia
This seriously needs to stop.
This seriously needs to stop.
# 785:
1:27 pm PDT, Aug 27,
Kathy Jackson, Ohio
This needs to stop now! This is animal cruelty to the extreme.
This needs to stop now! This is animal cruelty to the extreme.
# 784:
10:04 am PDT, Aug 23,
Lindsay Quady, Minnesota
Bullfighting is ARCHAIC and I can't believe it still goes on.
Bullfighting is ARCHAIC and I can't believe it still goes on.
# 783:
7:47 pm PDT, Aug 21,
Jan Aubry, California
# 782:
2:50 pm PDT, Aug 21,
Beryl Jones, United Kingdom
Sickening and barbaric...this should have been abolished centuries ago, Spain and other bull slaughtering nations should hang their heads in shame, you are an utter disgrace for allowing such despicable acts of wanton cruelty to be inflicted upon innocent animals.
Sickening and barbaric...this should have been abolished centuries ago, Spain and other bull slaughtering nations should hang their heads in shame, you are an utter disgrace for allowing such despicable acts of wanton cruelty to be inflicted upon innocent animals.
# 781:
3:41 am PDT, Aug 21,
Pam Ratanamangcla, Thailand
don't you think this sport is too cruel? This is like walking to a death sentemce!
don't you think this sport is too cruel? This is like walking to a death sentemce!
# 780:
10:38 pm PDT, Aug 19,
Jennifer Walters, Australia
Bulls are animals and they have the same rights as every other animals, and they definitely have the same rights as humans and that is not being treated like this and killed so horribly.
Bulls are animals and they have the same rights as every other animals, and they definitely have the same rights as humans and that is not being treated like this and killed so horribly.
# 779:
8:22 am PDT, Aug 18,
Alina Feiler, Romania
It is cruel, barbaric, useless and we evolved pass this stoneage behaviour long ago.It must be stopped , it;s only a shame for humans to do such extreme cruel torture to the poor defenceless creatures.They are magnificent animals and they deserve nothing but respect from us.
It is cruel, barbaric, useless and we evolved pass this stoneage behaviour long ago.It must be stopped , it;s only a shame for humans to do such extreme cruel torture to the poor defenceless creatures.They are magnificent animals and they deserve nothing but respect from us.
# 778:
12:45 pm PDT, Aug 15,
Name not displayed, Florida
# 777:
8:51 pm PDT, Aug 14,
Cathy Gianelli, Connecticut
# 776:
4:15 pm PDT, Aug 14,
Kelly Carson, Canada
One of the most cowardly acts of mankind. THE WORLD IS WATCHING.
One of the most cowardly acts of mankind. THE WORLD IS WATCHING.
# 775:
9:08 pm PDT, Aug 13,
Christos LASKARIDES, Greece
I WITNESS BULLFIGHTING IN TIJUANA MEXICO AND CAN SAY THAT SINCE THEN MY DEFINITION OF A COWARD IS THE BULL KILLER.
I WITNESS BULLFIGHTING IN TIJUANA MEXICO AND CAN SAY THAT SINCE THEN MY DEFINITION OF A COWARD IS THE BULL KILLER.
# 774:
9:22 am PDT, Aug 11,
Carlie Jennings, Oklahoma
I don't know who i am writing this to, but i can tell you that whoever lay eye on this message better read it through. How could you allow this? How could you allow the torture of these animals? Don't tell me it is culture, because what if they said that I coud chase you around and stab you with stuff until you die and if you don't stick something slowly and painfully through your head? Oh, it's okay, that culture..... This needs to stop, whether it be culture or crime. And the horses? The ones that are there to keep you safe from the tip of those scrutinizing horns get bulldozed because "It's Culture" Don't tell me that!!! This needs to stop emmediately. What do you get from this? It is far from educational, maybe a laugh or two. Why would you be laughing at the torture of a living being. It is not funny, and it needs to stop. Take this matter at hand and show your heart to those bulls being tortured for Laughter. Thankyou for your time, Carlie
I don't know who i am writing this to, but i can tell you that whoever lay eye on this message better read it through. How could you allow this? How could you allow the torture of these animals? Don't tell me it is culture, because what if they said that I coud chase you around and stab you with stuff until you die and if you don't stick something slowly and painfully through your head? Oh, it's okay, that culture..... This needs to stop, whether it be culture or crime. And the horses? The ones that are there to keep you safe from the tip of those scrutinizing horns get bulldozed because "It's Culture" Don't tell me that!!! This needs to stop emmediately. What do you get from this? It is far from educational, maybe a laugh or two. Why would you be laughing at the torture of a living being. It is not funny, and it needs to stop. Take this matter at hand and show your heart to those bulls being tortured for Laughter. Thankyou for your time, Carlie
# 771:
1:36 am PDT, Aug 5,
Harry Ottley, Australia
i cant believe someone could ever do that
i cant believe someone could ever do that
# 770:
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11:17 pm PDT, Aug 1,
Diana Giron, Colombia
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# 769:
9:05 am PDT, Jul 31,
Magnus Tell, Sweden
Barbaric "culture"
Barbaric "culture"
# 768:
2:25 pm PDT, Jul 30,
Matthew William Miller, Wisconsin
# 767:
8:44 am PDT, Jul 30,
Stacey Ackerman, Wisconsin
# 766:
5:03 pm PDT, Jul 29,
Name not displayed, Australia
# 765:
2:29 pm PDT, Jul 27,
Tina Geithman, Virginia
Bull fighting is the most pathetic thing in the whole entire world.
Bull fighting is the most pathetic thing in the whole entire world.
# 764:
11:27 am PDT, Jul 26,
Agnieszka Stepaniuk, Poland
# 763:
7:40 am PDT, Jul 26,
Pc Rocks, Colorado
I HATE IT ESPECIALLY WHEN THEY USE HORSES WHICH I HAVE 10 OF 9/10 TIMES THE HORSE GETS KILLED!!
I HATE IT ESPECIALLY WHEN THEY USE HORSES WHICH I HAVE 10 OF 9/10 TIMES THE HORSE GETS KILLED!!
# 762:
1:28 am PDT, Jul 24,
Magda Bajwoluk, Poland
# 761:
12:27 pm PDT, Jul 23,
Agnieszka Chabura, Poland
Animals must suffer in order to human have some fun...
Animals must suffer in order to human have some fun...
# 760:
12:24 pm PDT, Jul 23,
Michał Piasecki, Poland
# 759:
9:00 am PDT, Jul 23,
Liam Foster, United Kingdom
# 758:
3:59 pm PDT, Jul 22,
Nolan DeHart, Oregon
The only 'savage' people in this world are, and were never the proud Native Americans. Neither was they the peoples of any nation or group. The only 'savage' people on this earth are those who can watch such a horrible act of pure cruelty and take it as enjoyable event.
The only 'savage' people in this world are, and were never the proud Native Americans. Neither was they the peoples of any nation or group. The only 'savage' people on this earth are those who can watch such a horrible act of pure cruelty and take it as enjoyable event.
# 757:
7:52 pm PDT, Jul 21,
Name not displayed, Alabama
# 756:
7:43 pm PDT, Jul 21,
Name not displayed, South Carolina
# 755:
10:54 am PDT, Jul 21,
Michael Spadafino, Tennessee
We, as humans, should be better than this.
We, as humans, should be better than this.
# 754:
9:37 am PDT, Jul 21,
Melinda Crain, North Carolina
This is a travesty against God's creatures. Please don't make the helpless suffer needless pain.
This is a travesty against God's creatures. Please don't make the helpless suffer needless pain.
# 753:
3:23 am PDT, Jul 21,
Jessica Bateman, Florida
This so-called "sport" is not honorable at all. Animals should be respected. They were not put on this earth to suffer for nothing. I hope whoever condones this is judged and condemmend when it is their time. Maybe then you will know how the pain and suffering really feels.
This so-called "sport" is not honorable at all. Animals should be respected. They were not put on this earth to suffer for nothing. I hope whoever condones this is judged and condemmend when it is their time. Maybe then you will know how the pain and suffering really feels.
# 752:
4:04 pm PDT, Jul 20,
Marta Barahona Sánchez, Spain
SR ZAPATERO, YA ES HORA DE QUE SE ACABE ESTA TRADICIÓN SÁDICA, PRIMITIVA Y COBARDE, QUE NO APORTA NINGÚN VALOR A NADIE SINO TODO LO CONTRARIO: FOMENTA EL ABUSO DE AQUELLOS A NUESTRA MERCED, EN ESTE CASO LOS ANIMALES, ENSALZA LA BARBARIE Y EL COMPORTAMIENTO AGRESIVO, Y ANTEPONE EL ENTRETENIMIENTO DE UNA MINORÍA PRIMITIVA E INSENSIBLE AL SUFRIMIENTO DE UN SER VIVO.
SR ZAPATERO, YA ES HORA DE QUE SE ACABE ESTA TRADICIÓN SÁDICA, PRIMITIVA Y COBARDE, QUE NO APORTA NINGÚN VALOR A NADIE SINO TODO LO CONTRARIO: FOMENTA EL ABUSO DE AQUELLOS A NUESTRA MERCED, EN ESTE CASO LOS ANIMALES, ENSALZA LA BARBARIE Y EL COMPORTAMIENTO AGRESIVO, Y ANTEPONE EL ENTRETENIMIENTO DE UNA MINORÍA PRIMITIVA E INSENSIBLE AL SUFRIMIENTO DE UN SER VIVO.
# 751:
1:02 pm PDT, Jul 20,
Daniela Sanchez Novoa, Puerto Rico
This is a bloody massacre that has to be stopped, hummanity needs to realize what its doing to the enviroment, the flora and fauna, we do not own this planet, but if we keep behaving like this, destroying life just because, we are going to be living in chaos in no time.
This is a bloody massacre that has to be stopped, hummanity needs to realize what its doing to the enviroment, the flora and fauna, we do not own this planet, but if we keep behaving like this, destroying life just because, we are going to be living in chaos in no time.
