We Black peoples won't and need this every nationality of people who have been Harmed By United States got reparation . Blacks are over doPetitioning Bank Of America and 2 others Pay reparations to Black Americans Melanoid Empowerment Lithonia, GA The following companies still in existence today that benefited and was involved in the African Slave Trade Bank of America found that two of its predecessor banks (Boatman Savings Institution and Southern Bank of St. Louis) had ties to slavery and another predecessor (Bank of Metropolis) accepted slaves as collateral on loans. JPMorgan Chase recently admitted their company’s links to slavery. “Today, we are reporting that this research found that, between 1831 and 1865, two of our predecessor banks—Citizens Bank and Canal Bank in Louisiana—accepted approximately 13,000 enslaved individuals as collateral on loans and took ownership of approximately 1,250 of them when the plantation owners defaulted on the loans,” the company wrote in a statement. Wells Fargo – Georgia Railroad & Banking Company and the Bank of Charleston owned or accepted slaves as collateral. They later became part of Wells Fargo by way of Wachovia. (Also in the 2000s Wells Fargo targeted blacks for predatory lending.) How will these banks do it? Simple, we want these banks to give out business loans/free money to only blacks so we can establish businesses throughout America. Enough is enough. It is time for these banks to be held accountable for their active role in the slave trade and their continuous acts of discriminating against blacks. To Succeed we must be Unified an act Politically and Legally! This is an issue that all people should take a stand for regardless of Race Classification! This is about Justice, Admission of Wrong Doings and Atonement which will truly aid in Racial Reconciliation! This petition was delivered to: Bank Of America JPMorgan Chase Wells Fargo Read the letter Economic Justice Bank of america Slavery African american Updates 9 months ago Petition update We need UN intervention. United Nations: Enforce your anti -genocide laws for Black Americans! UN needs to step up and enforce their anti-genocide laws! 3 commentschange.org 9 months ago Petition update We need UN intervention. United Nations: Enforce your anti -genocide laws for Black Americans! 0 commentschange.org 2 years ago 12,500 supporters 2 years ago Petition update Why we should continue fighting for reparations? As the creator of this petition, I seek reparations, not only for slavery but also for the injustices inflicted on black people from segregation and lawlessness by white people with no protection of law by the government. Dead slaves... 35 comments 2 years ago 10,000 supporters 2 years ago Petition update Companies that need to be boycotted! The following companies are just a select few still in existence that have benefited from slavery. We need to boycott them. 1. Lehman Brothers 2. Aetna, Inc. 3. JPMorgan Chase 4. New York Life. 5. Wachovia... 0 comments 2 years ago 6,000 supporters 2 years ago Petition update Blacks sold other blacks into slavery!? Africans did NOT sell their own people into slavery As this petition continues to gain momentum everyday, you will start seeing white supremacist trolls and even foolish black people say "blacks sold other blacks into... 1 commentafricaw.com 2 years ago 5,000 supporters 3 years ago Melanoid Empowerment started this petition Reasons for Signing SLAVE WAS A CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY AND THE GOVERNMENTS THAT BENEFIT FROM THIS CRIME SHOULD PAY RETRIBUTIONS. khari moor, Greenwood, MS2 yrs ago 17 Report I feel that they should take some responsibility for the people that actually built this country from the sweat of enslaved people's backs. They wouldn't be where they are now without our ancestors. Jonathan Banks, Saint Petersburg, FL2 yrs ago 12 Report I think that they should own up and take responsibility for what they have done to our people. D'Nisha Elise' Scott, Birmingham, AL2 yrs ago 11 Report View all reasons Report a policy violation
Image courtesy of savage chicken: Let’s start with the question: What is intelligence? How do we measure it? Is it based on what you “inherently” know or is it your “aptitude” for knowledge? These are the types of questions that scholars have been arguing about for years. As if this subject wasn't multifaceted enough, ideas about racial inequality are at the forefront of these intelligence debates. Are certain races of people “inherently” smarter than others? How do we know? Is it based on tests, like an IQ or SAT? Do the conclusions that we draw from these tests tell us something specific about a group of people? The purpose of intelligence and IQ testing is not actually to determine one's level of knowledge or ability to learn, but to place a person somewhere on the scale of American racial stratification as defined by those in power. Today, as in the past, testing provides a justification for racial disparities by defining intelligence in ways that allocate people of color limited opportunities to redefine their place within the hierarchy and perpetuates the idea of white superiority within society. Historically, quantifying intelligence has always been in the vanguard of people’s minds. Finding ways of judging this intelligence eventually became a crucial aspect of the social agenda. In 1905 Alfred Binet developed a test to calculate mental age. It is important to keep in mind Binet’s intentions in the creation of his mental age test as we look at the evolution of the IQ and modern standardized tests. Binet’s only intention was to develop a test to identify struggling students in order to get them the assistance they needed in the classroom. However, throughout the years the IQ test has been altered for purposes other than those Binet envisioned. By 1912 Binet’s mental age test had been adapted by William Stern into what was called the IQ (Intelligence Quotient) test. Goddard, an American eugenicist, was a “scientist” who adapted Binet’s testing to discover traits of “feeble-mindedness” in the early 1900’s. He then publicized his research and began applying it to other populations such as immigrants. Binet disapproved of the adaptations to his testing arguing that “some recent thinkers seem to have given their moral support to these deplorable verdict by affirming that an individual’s intelligence is a fixed quantity…we must protest and react against this brutal pessimism: we must try to demonstrate that it is founded upon nothing”. Picking up on Goddard’s ideals, Lewis Terman, a Professor of Education at Stanford, began applying the newly named Binet tests to racial groups. His findings argued that “dullness seems to be racial, or at least inherent in the family stocks from which they come”. Terman and Goddard then modified the test to be mass administered to Army recruits during WWI. This test was, and still is, known as the Stanford-Binet IQ Test, which is also the direct predecessor of the current SAT. Tom the Dancing Bug Science Comic Since its foundation the field of psychometry, which is concerned with the measurement of mental traits and abilities, has been shaped by the principles of a racial worldview that prior to its inception were already deeply entrenched in the U.S. psyche. Intelligence was viewed as an innate behavioral trait, which, with the influence of a racial worldview, was then automatically linked with the physical traits of race. Therefore, psychometry’s main standard of measurement, the IQ test, has been used since its creation by those in power to help solidify the hierarchy of races already in place. In placing a value on intelligence scores, the structure of the superior/inferior race hierarchy could be stabilized. The bias of a pre-existing racial worldview also allowed for the field of psychometry to ignore obvious contradictions and flaws in its methods. Some scientists, when performing mass IQ tests which resulted in conclusions of overall inferiority in black intelligence, ignored the data presenting that blacks in northern states performed better than whites in southern states. Random sampling for unbiased representations of populations was rarely ever performed, for example IQ tests were only given to handpicked immigrants that looked “below average”. In almost every study that tried to show intelligence differences in populations as being caused by race, the most prominent flaw has always been eliminating environment from the equation. If one is trying to show that differences between two populations are genetic, then one must first make sure the environmental conditions for both are exactly the same. Historically, environmental conditions between different racial groups has not been equal.
